Una revisión andinista del proceso socio histórico de la construcción nacional, la violencia política y los derechos humanos en Perú

Abstract

Abstract

Building a nation, that of a community of citizens, is a matter of paramount importance for the achievement of all human rights for all. Peru was never a nation in order. The Tawantinsuyo first, the colony and the Republic later were an archipelago of ethnic groups and tribes dominated by a central government. Only in the last century, after the disastrous war in the Pacific and the struggle of the indigenous peoples for their rights, has the consensus to consolidate the Peruvian nation gradually been built.

With the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces 1968-80 and the 1979 Constitution, the social classes and ethnic groups finally attained legal citizenship for all. Going from legality to reality would require decades of titanic efforts. In this scenario, the economic crisis and political violence 1980-2000, widely studied in the Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, shows us how these phenomena meant the death of thousands of people, especially indigenous people, the destruction of physical and social infrastructure , the trampling and loss of individual and collective rights.

But the stories of the democratic resistance movement for human rights and peace are also intertwined, where civilians and soldiers, city dwellers and peasants, broad social and political sectors converge: all the bloodlines that finally manage to defeat terrorism and rights violators. humans.

It is also the history of neoliberal economic and political reforms, with the constitutional change of 1993 and the development of the new market economy model, with informality, political clientelism, authoritarianism and corruption.

The recommendations of the CVR Report remain established and firm, demanding justice, reparation and particularly precious institutional reforms for an authentic national integration in the diversity of historically excluded peoples.